When I am volunteering at the park, someone often will ask me about a “rule” we have (e.g., where dogs can go in the park, where one can walk off-trail). I am happy to discuss these questions but am chagrined if someone follows up regarding what the penalty is for breaking the rules. I despise people who think they can do whatever they want if they don’t get caught.
These questions prompt me to think about moral development and especially how the Authority of the Resource dictates how policies are made and how visitors understand the implications beyond punishment for breaking the rules.
The Authority of the Resource principle and technique, promoted by the National Park Service, focuses on the natural authority inherent in the requirements of a healthy ecosystem, rather the influence of the agency (e.g., law enforcement). It centers not on regulation and the requirements set by people, but rather on the requirements of nature itself. If an environment such as a National Park is to be sustained, people need to understand the implications of their actions and why we have “rules.” The emphasis is on WHY the policies exist to protect the environment and safety of recreationists.
Most people have integrity and want to do the right thing. If they venture into the outdoors, they generally care about the environment. Sometimes they just do not know what the right thing is and sometimes their moral development doesn’t reflect an evolved thinking.
One of the ideas that intrigued me most when I did my undergraduate studies over 50 years ago related to moral development in children. Although theories of moral development have been debated, they help understand human behavior. The theories suggest that moral development ranges on a continuum from being concerned about the consequences of breaking the rules to a recognition that living in society is a social contract where the goal of each individual is to improve society (and the environment) as a whole.
I enjoy using the Authority of the Resource Technique to explain why recreating in the park, or on any public lands, is a celebration of the collective good. I believe people have a moral duty to act in ways that protect the public land, and that staff and volunteers have an obligation to help others see why policies are necessary. I love the notion of the Authority of the Resource to facilitate meaningful recreation experiences while preserving the natural environment.
My family started camping in national parks in 1956 when living in El Paso, Texas. They were beautiful and not very crowded at that time. We always stopped at a National Park when in the vicinity during our many moves and travels.
National parks are a treasure. I shared your blog with my brother who is also a huge fan. We totally agree that this type of personal morality is key to commonly shared spaces. Thanks for sharing your observations and thoughts.